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Guidance

Burns can be caused by flames, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, hot liquids, electricity, lightning and certain chemicals.

All burns at a minimum require immediate first aid treatment.

There are three levels of burns.

1. Superficial burn

These burns cause damage to the first or top layer of skin only. The burn site will be red and painful.

2. Partial thickness burn

These burns cause damage to the first and second skin layers. The burn site will be red, peeling, blistered and swelling with clear or yellow-colored fluid leaking from the skin. The burn site is very painful.

Partial and full thickness burns require urgent medical attention.

3. Full thickness burn

Involves damage to both the first and second skin layers, plus the underlying tissue. The burn site generally appears black or charred with white exposed fatty tissue.

Partial and full thickness burns require urgent medical attention.

Remove yourself or the person from danger and further injury.

Hold the burn under cold running water for 20 minutes. If necessary, prevent heat loss by covering unburnt areas.

Burnt clothing should only be removed if it does not stick to the burn. Do not remove clothing that is stuck to the burn.

Do not apply anything other than water to second or third degree burns until they are fully cooled and medically assessed.

Contact emergency services for partial or full thickness burns or if there are complicating factors.

If in doubt, call emergency services.