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Guidance
There are a range of types of fire extinguishers depending on the source of the fire being fought. Learn to recognize and fight a fire with an extinguisher.
There are several types of fire extinguishers available, each designed to combat specific types of fires. The most common types of fire extinguishers include:
Water fire extinguishers
These extinguishers are filled with water (Class A) and are suitable for fires involving ordinary combustible materials like wood, paper, and cloth.
They are not effective for fires involving flammable liquids or electrical equipment.
Foam fire extinguishers
They are suitable for Class A fires (ordinary combustible materials) and Class B fires (flammable liquids like gasoline, oil, or grease).
Foam extinguishers contain an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) or alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foam (AR-AFFF).
Foam extinguishers can smother the fire and cool the fuel surface, preventing reignition.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishers
They are primarily used for electrical fires (Class C) and fires involving flammable liquids (Class B).
CO2 extinguishers displace oxygen, removing it from the fire triangle and suffocating the fire.
CO2 extinguishers contain carbon dioxide in a pressurized form.
Dry chemical fire extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers are filled with a dry chemical powder.
The powder smothers the fire and interferes with the chemical reactions occurring in the fire, extinguishing it.
These are used for Class A, B, and C fires.
Wet chemical fire extinguishers
Wet chemical extinguishers are specifically designed for commercial kitchens, which involve cooking oils, greases, and fats (Class K).
The extinguishing agent forms a soapy layer on the burning oil, preventing re-ignition.
Clean agent fire extinguishers
They are used primarily in areas where valuable or sensitive equipment is present, as they are safe for use on electrical fires (Class C) and flammable liquids (Class B) without leaving residue or causing damage.
Clean agent extinguishers contain non-conductive, gaseous agents like halon, halocarbon, or clean agent substitutes like HFC-227ea or FM-200.
It’s important to note that fire extinguishers may have different labeling systems depending on the country or region.
These labels indicate the specific types of fires the extinguisher is suitable for.
Additionally, it’s crucial to read and understand the instructions provided with the fire extinguisher and receive proper training on how to use them effectively and safely.
How to use in a fire
Using a fire extinguisher correctly during a fire can help suppress the flames and prevent the fire from spreading. Follow these general steps to use a fire extinguisher safely and effectively:
Assess the situation
Before attempting to use a fire extinguisher, evaluate the fire. Ensure that the fire is small, contained, and not spreading rapidly. If the fire is large, growing rapidly, or you are unsure about your ability to handle it, evacuate the area immediately and call emergency services.
Choose the appropriate fire extinguisher
Identify the correct type of fire extinguisher for the fire.
Check the label on the extinguisher to ensure it is suitable for the type of fire you are facing.
Using the wrong type of extinguisher can be ineffective or even dangerous.
Remember the PASS technique
The PASS technique is a simple acronym that helps guide the proper use of a fire extinguisher.
Maintain a safe distance
Stand at a safe distance from the fire, typically around 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) away.
This distance ensures your safety and allows the extinguisher’s discharge to effectively reach the flames.
Be aware of limitations
Fire extinguishers have limitations. They are designed for small fires and can only provide a limited amount of extinguishing agent. If the fire continues to grow or if you run out of extinguishing agent, evacuate immediately and let the professionals handle the situation.
Call emergency services
Even if you believe you have successfully extinguished the fire, always call emergency services to report the incident. They can ensure the fire is fully extinguished and assess any potential risks or damages.
Remember, fire safety is paramount. If at any point you feel unsafe, if the fire grows too large, or if you are unsure about using a fire extinguisher, evacuate the area immediately and call emergency services.
Personal safety should always be the top priority in any fire situation.